赛达写作素材:巴斯德
官方网站:
SAT写作素材:巴斯德
小马过河小编为大家搜集了一篇关于巴斯德的SAT写作素材,希望对大家有所帮助,能够借鉴和总结写作高分经验。小马过河全国免费电话咨询:400-0123-267。
Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole, in the region of Jura, France. His discovery that most infectious diseases are caused by germs, known as the "germ theory of disease", is one of the most important in medical history. His work became the foundation for the science of microbiology, and a cornerstone of modern medicine.
Pasteur's phenomenal contributions to microbiology and medicine can be summarized as follows. First, he championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the spread of disease by microbes. Second, he discovered that weakened forms of a microbe could be used as an immunization against more virulent forms of the microbe. Third, Pasteur found that rabies was transmitted by agents so small they could not be seen under a microscope, thus revealing the world of viruses. As a result he developed techniques to vaccinate dogs against rabies, and to treat humans bitten by rabid dogs. And fourth, Pasteur developed "pasteurization", a process by which harmful microbes in perishable food products are destroyed using heat, without destroying the food.
His Works
Each discovery in the body of Pasteur's work represents a link in an uninterrupted chain, beginning with molecular asymmetry and ending with his rabies prophylaxis, by way of his research in fermentation, silkworm, wine and beer diseases, asepsis and vaccines.
From Crystallography to Molecular Asymmetry
In 1847 at the age of 26, Pasteur did his first work on molecular asymmetry, bringing together the principles of crystallography, chemistry and optics. He formulated a fundamental law: asymmetry differentiates the organic world from the mineral world. In other words, asymmetric molecules are always the product of life forces. His work became the basis of a new science --stereochemistry.
Research on Fermentation and Spontaneous Generation
At the request of a distiller named Bigo from the north of France, Pasteur began to examine why alcohol becomes contaminated with undesirable substances during fermentation. He soon demonstrated that each sort of fermentation is linked to the existence of a specific microorganism or ferment -- a living being that one can study by cultivation in an appropriate, sterile medium. This insight is the basis of microbiology.
官方网站:
Pasteur delivered the fatal blow to the doctrine of spontaneous generation, the theory held for 20 centuries that life could arise spontaneously in organic materials. He also developed a germ theory. At the same time, he discovered the existence of life without oxygen:
"Fermentation is the consequence of life without air". The discovery of anaerobic life paved the way for the study of germs that cause septicemia and gangrene, among other infections. Thanks to Pasteur, it became possible to devise techniques to kill microbes and to control contamination.
Technique of "Pasteurization"
Emperor Napoleon III asked Pasteur to investigate the diseases afflicting wine which were causing considerable economic losses to the wine industry. Pasteur went to a vineyard in Arbois in 1864 to study this problem. He demonstrated that wine diseases are caused by microorganisms that can be killed by heating the wine to 55deg.C for several minutes. Applied to beer and milk, this process, called "pasteurization", soon came into use throughout the world.
Research on Infectious Diseases Afflicting Man and Animal
In 1865, Pasteur began to study the silkworm diseases that were crippling the silk industry in France. He discovered the infectious agents and revealed the manner in which these agents are transmitted--by contagion and hereditary principle -- and how to prevent them. Elaborating on his study of fermentation, he could now confirm that each disease is caused by a specific microbe and that these microbes are foreign elements. With this knowledge, Pasteur was able to establish the basic rules of sterilization or asepsis. Preventing contagion and infection, his method of sterilization revolutionized surgery and obstetrics.
From 1877 to 1887, Pasteur employed these fundamentals of microbiology in the battle against infectious diseases. He went on to discover three bacteria responsible for human illnesses : staphylococcus, streptococcus and pneumococcus.
Treatment and Prevention of Rabies
Louis Pasteur discovered the method for the attenuation of virulent microorganisms that is the basis of vaccination. He developed vaccines against chicken cholera, anthrax and swine erysipelas. After mastering his method of vaccination, he applied this concept to rabies. On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pioneering rabies treatment on man for the first time : the young Joseph Meister was saved.
The Creation of the Pasteur Institute
On March 1, 1886, Pasteur presented the results of his rabies treatment to the Academy of
官方网站:
Sciences and called for the creation of a rabies vaccine center. An extensive, international public drive for funds financed the construction of the Pasteur Institute, a private, state-approved institute recognized by the President of France, Jules Grévy, in 1887 and inaugurated by his successor Sadi Carnot in 1888. In accordance with Pasteur's wishes, the Institute was founded as a clinic for rabies treatment, a research center for infectious disease and a teaching center.
The 66-year-old scientist went on to dedicate the last seven years of his life to the Institute that still bears his name. During this period, Pasteur also came to know the joys of fame and was honored throughout the world with prestigious decorations.
His work was continued and amplified throughout the world by his disciples, the Pasteuriens.
A Man of Freedom and Rigor
Pasteur's work is not simply the sum of his discoveries. It also represents the revolution of scientific methodology. Pasteur superimposed two indisputable rules of modern research: the freedom of creative imagination necessarily subjected to rigorous experimentation. He would teach his disciples :
"Do not put forward anything that you cannot prove by experimentation"
Louis Pasteur was a humanist, always working towards the improvement of the human condition. He was a free man who never hesitated to take issue with the prevailing yet false ideas of his time.
He ascribed particular importance to the spread of knowledge and the applications of research.
In the scientist's lifetime, Pasteurien theory and method were put into use well beyond the borders of France.
Fully aware of the international importance of his work, Pasteur's disciples dispersed themselves wherever their assistance was needed. In 1891, the first Foreign Institut Pasteur was founded in Saigon (today Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) launching what was to become a vast international network of Instituts Pasteur.
Because he changed the world forever, his homeland and the world have long considered him a benefactor of humanity.
路易斯·巴斯德(公元1822-1895年),法国微生物学家、化学家。他研究了微生物的类型、习性、营养、繁殖、作用等,奠定了工业微生物学和医学微生物学的基础,并开创了微生物生理学。循此前进,在战胜狂犬病、鸡霍乱、炭疽病、蚕病等方面都取得了成果。英国
官方网站:
医生李斯特并据此解决了创口感染问题。从此,整个医学迈进了细菌学时代,得到了空前的发展。美国学者麦克·哈特所著的《影响人类历史进程的100名人排行榜》中,巴斯德名列第11位,可见其在人类历史上巨大的影响力。其发明的巴氏消毒法直至现在仍被应用。
-
奇闻异事的大学联考写作素材(精品多篇)
奇闻异事的大学联考写作素材篇一黄金百斤,不如季布一诺季布,汉朝人,他以真诚守信着称于世。时人谚云:“得黄金百斤,不如得季布一诺。”意思是说,季布的一句话,比金子还要贵重。后来,季布跟随项羽战败,为刘邦通缉,不少人都出来保护他,使他安全地渡过了难关。最后,季布凭着诚信,还...
-
七年级语文写作训练续写《蟋蟀在时报广场》精品多篇
七年级语文写作训练续写《蟋蟀在时报广场》篇一目标知识和能力1.复述课文,积累语言。2.理解文中形象的含义。3.通过片断练习,培养学生想像力,提高写作水平。过程和方法在阅读、思考、发言中,培养学生积极参与精神;在写作训练中,培养学生合作精神。情感态度价值观使学...
-
2023年公务员考试申论写作(精品多篇)
2022年申论写作篇一强化组织“三力”护航经济高质量发展经济发展是国之大计。近日召开的中央经济工作会议指出,“各地区各部门要担负起稳定宏观经济的责任,各方面要积极推出有利于经济稳定的政策,政策发力适当靠前。”党员干部要在贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神上...
-
实用公文写作与沟通能力提升培训总结
天津市粮食和物资局**2023年3月20日至31,我有幸参加了由天津市退役军事务局组织的2021年度军队转业干部岗前培训班。在短短的两周时间里,通过老师们的授课辅导,让我提升了眼界、拓宽了视野、增强了能力素质,为更好的从事本职工作奠定了坚实基础。尤其是在公文写作...