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單詞which的中文是什麼意思(通用多篇)

單詞which的中文是什麼意思(通用多篇)

which定語從句的用法 篇一

我們知道,as和which作爲關係代詞都可以用來引導非限制性定語從句,指代整個主句所表達的內容,在從句中作主語或賓語,但它們在用法上有區別,這一點許多學生往往搞不清楚。現就它們引導非限制性定語從句的用法簡述如下:

一、相同之處

當從句位於主句之後,引導詞指代整個主句所表達的全部意義時,as和which可以互換。如:

The elephant is like a snake,as/which everybody can see.

大家都看得出,這頭大象像條蛇。

A big earthquake occurred there last night,as/which was reported on TV.

據電視報道,昨夜那裏發生了大地震。

She is from Shanghai,as/which I know from her accent.

她來自上海,那是我從她的口音知道的。

二、不同之處

1、as引導非限制性定語從句時,位置比較靈活,可位於主句之前,也可位於主句之中或之後;而which引導非限制定語從句只能位於主句之後,不能位於主句之前。如:

_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.

h

答案:B

_______ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

h

答案:B

Air,as we know,is a gas.衆所周知,空氣是一種氣體。

He is very careful,as his work shows.

他的工作表現表明他非常謹慎。

as引導非限制性定語從句常有“如同。.。.。.那樣”的含義,因此在一些固定結構中,如:

as we know;as is known to all(衆所周知)

as we all can see(正如我們大家都能看到的那樣)

as has been said before/above(正如前面所述)

as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那樣)

as might be imagined(可以想象得到)

as might be expected(正如所預料的那樣)

as is often the case(情況通常是這樣)

以上種種固定搭配,一般不能用which代替as。

2、搭配上,在由the same或such所修飾的名詞後通常用as作關係代詞引出非限制性定語從句。如:

I have got into the same trouble as he (has)。

我遇到了與他一樣的麻煩。

I've never heard of such a moving story as he is telling.

我從未聽過像他講得那麼有趣的故事。

3、which引導的從句在意義上相當於一個並列句,可以用and this代替,意思是“這件事”;as引導的從句主要起連接上下文的作用,表達說話人的觀點、看法,並指出主句內容的根據或出處等。如:

He sold his new car,which surprised me.

=He sold his new car,and this serprised me.

Einstein,as we know,is a famous scientist.

我們都知道,愛因斯坦是一位著名的科學家。

As is known to all,Taiwan is part of China.

衆所周知,臺灣是中國的一部分。

4、當which在從句中指代的是先行詞本身而不是主句時,不可用as代替which。如:

The peach tree,which I planted last year,has not borne any fruit.

這棵桃樹是我去年種下的,還沒有結出任何果實。

The book,which I bought yesterday,is very instructive.

我昨天買的這本書很有教育意義。

5、在從句中作主語時,which既可作系動詞be的主語,也可作實義動詞的主語,而as只可作系動詞be的主語。如:

He married her,which was nature.(可用as代替which)

他和她結婚了,這是很自然的事。

She met the boy,which delighted her.(不可用as代替which)

她見到了那個男孩,這使得她很高興。

He failed in the exam again,which made his parents very angry.

他考試有不及格了,這是他父母很生氣。

6、as引導的從句在意義上不可與主語相悖,而which引導的從句則不受此限制。

Mum treats me like a baby,which I can't bear.

媽媽把我當小孩看待,這是我不能忍受的。

which定語從句的用法 篇二

一、which前面有逗號,逗號前面是個名詞,which就近指代那個名詞。

(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.

which就近指代photos,定語從句中謂語動詞did not cheer (Pea up)的發出者即從句主語即先行詞photos,是photos沒讓豌豆家屬高興起來。

(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did not find interesting.

which就近指代photos,photos是定語從句中的賓語,把定語從句還原成一個完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.

可以看到,上面兩個句子都可以以that爲關係代詞改寫,即

(1)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.

(2)Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.

改寫與原版區別在哪兒?就在一個逗號。which前面是名詞,名詞和which之間沒逗號的,在GMAT語法裏算錯。

二、which前面是介詞,介詞前面是名詞,which就近指代介詞前的那個名詞,名詞和介詞之間有無逗號均可。

Tankfield once lent Pea a book from which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes.

這個句子可以“拆”成如下兩句:(每個定語從句都可以拆成兩句,以先行詞爲拆分點)

(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book.

(2)Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from the book.

先行詞實際上是定語從句中介詞的賓語,這時,需要把介詞提前,避免如下表達:

(1)Tankfield once lent Pea a book, which Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

(2)Tankfield once lent Pea a book that Pea glimpsed the basics of genes from. (XXX)

上中學的時候學過,which引導的定語從句叫“非限制性定語從句”,是不是?它怎麼就“非限制性”了?回顧上述GMAT語法規定which有且僅有的兩種用法,which指的都是就近的名詞,從句其實還是限制性的。

所謂非限制性呢,是說which指逗號之前一套主謂所描述的情況,以逗號前的一個完整句爲先行詞。比如:

(1)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which was rather sad.

(2)Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, which Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.

注意,這樣的非限制性定語從句在GMAT語法中是不成立的,關於which,GMAT語法考試只認可上述兩種限制性用法。那麼,在GMAT語法考試規則範圍內,用什麼方法能夠表達出原來學過的非限制性定語從句的意思來呢?

分成兩句或做出同位語來都是可以的,當然,需要先找出一個名詞把原來非限制性定語從句的先行詞(即那個完整的句子)概括出來。

一、分成兩句

Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. The fact was rather sad.

Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea. Pea did not refuse to acknowledge the fact to herself any more.

二、做同位語

Tankfield might never care to say Happy Birthday to Pea, the fact, rather sad,beingwhat Pea did not refuse to acknowledge to herself any more.

考題及答案解析:

[考題1]

Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,____isalwaysbusyattheweekend.

h

[答案]D

[解析]引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾theshoppingcentre,應選用D選項中的關係代詞which,which在該定語從句中充當主語。

[考題2]

York,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.(2003北京)

hIvisited

ichIvisited

[答案]B

[解析]引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾York,在定語從句中充當及物動詞visit的賓語,應選用B選項中的關係代詞which。

[考題3]

Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

h

[答案]D

[解析]引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾windows,在定語從句中充當介詞of的賓語,應選用D選項中的關係代詞which。

[考題4]

Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,____meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.(2006江蘇)

h

[答案]D

[解析]引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning”所表示的情況,應選用C選項中的`關係代詞which,在該定語從句中充當主語。

[考題5]

Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

[答案]B

[解析]引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay”所表示的情況,應選用B選項中的關係代詞which,在該定語從句中充當主語。

[考題6]

Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn’texpected.

[答案]C

[解析]引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood”所表示的情況,應選用C選項中的關係代詞which,在該定語從句中充當及物動詞expect的賓語。

[考題7]

TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.

[答案]C

[解析]表示“在英語劇中”應用介詞in,因此在修飾先行詞play的限定性定語從句中也應用介詞in與指代先行詞play的關係代詞which連用,本題只能選C。注意:本題中which充當置於定語從句中最前面的介詞in的賓語(inwhich在整個定語從句中充當狀語)。

[考題8]

reIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection____shehadcome.

which

[答案]D

[解析]表示“從他來的方向跑回去”,應選用介詞from。下劃線處是引導修飾direction的定語從句。

[考題9]

Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.

[答案]B

[解析]題幹句意爲:Frank的夢想是擁有一家可以生產自己的手工製品的商店。inwhich相當於intheshop的含義,最適合引導定語從句。

[考題10]

Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst____Ireallyenjoyed.

h

[答案]B

[解析]ofwhich表示thefirstofthreebooks的含義,介詞of不可以省略,that不可以緊跟介詞後引導定語從句,因此應選B。

[考題11]

Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.

this

[答案]C

[解析]this不能引導定語從句修飾前面的school,介詞後的關係代詞不能是that(“考點72:that引導的定語從句的用法”中將有此考點的具體介紹),因此應排除選項B和D;由於此處which指代前面整個主句,全句意爲“他在當地的一所語法學校接受教育之後,又去了劍橋。”,介詞應選用after,因此應進一步排除選項A而選出C。

附:定語從句中的that和which用法區別

1、先行若是不定代,that就把which踹

春雨驚春清谷天,夏滿芒夏暑相連,秋處露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。上半年是六廿一,下半年來八廿三,每月兩節日期定,最多相差一二天。當先行詞爲anything, everything, nothing, all, any, much, many, one等不定代詞時,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”。

例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能給你做點什麼嗎?

2、先行詞前有兩數,就用that定無誤

當先行詞是基數詞或序數詞修飾時,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”。

例句:

That is the second time that I have been to Japan.

那是我去日本的第二次。

The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.

坐落在泰晤士河岸邊的那兩座大樓上星期倒塌了。

3、先行詞前最高級,還用that必無疑

當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時,只能使用“that”, 不用“which”。

例句:

This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.

這是我度過的最美好的時光。

4、句中若有there be, that應把which替

例:

There is no evidence that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.

說動物擁有神祕的第六感,可以預知自然災害,這是沒有根據的。

5、先行主中做表語,避免重複從句裏

例句:

1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.

這已經不再是以前那座醫院了。

2)Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.

湯姆森先生已經不再是以前的他了。

解析:定語從句的先行詞均在主句中做表語。

例句:

Which is the course that we are to take ?

我們要學哪門課?

解析:句中已有which,後面不再用which,避免重複用that。

6、先行詞前有just/the only/very/same/last等詞,關係代詞用that,不用which

例句:

1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.

北極是唯一能見到北極熊的地方。

2)This is the same bike that he lost.

這就是他丟了的那輛自行車。

注意區分:

3) This is the same bike as he lost.

這輛自行車和他丟的那輛一樣。(但不是)

which定語從句的用法 篇三

1、當先行詞爲all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構成的複合不定代詞時。

如:

Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.

有關此事,凡是你所知道的請告訴我。

2、當先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時。

如:You can take any seat that is free.

任何空着的座位你都可以坐。

3、當先行詞爲序數詞或被序數詞所修飾時。

如:

This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.

這是我們校本學期放映的第四部電影。

4、當先行詞爲形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。

如:

This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.

這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。

5、當先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時。

如:

The only thing that we could do was to wait.

我們唯一能做的事就是等待。

注意:先行詞被the same修飾時,關係代詞也可用as。

如:I need the same book that / as you have.

我需要有你一樣的書。

6、當先行詞既包含人又包含物時。

如: They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.

他們正在談論他們感興趣的女英雄及她們的事蹟。

7、當先行詞是疑問代詞who,which,what或主句以這些詞開頭時。

如:

Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?

曾經和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他?

8、當先行詞爲主句表語或關係代詞爲從句表語時。

如:

Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.

我們的學校現在已不是過去的那個樣子了。

9、先行詞爲time時,當time表示次數,引導詞用that, 可省略。 當表示時間,可用that或when引導,都可省略。

如:

I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.

我不記得上個月到達上海的確切時間了。

最後,請注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:

1、在“介詞+關係代詞”結構中,關係代詞必須用which。

如:

This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.

這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。

注意: 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首, which就可換爲that,例如:

This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

這就是我們已經多次討論過的問題。

2、先行詞爲“those+表事物的複數名詞”時, 關係代詞通常只用which而不用that。

如:You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.

你應該掌握好這些可以用到未來工作中的技能。

最後,記得這個特殊情況吧:當先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時,可以用that引導定語從句,相當於介詞+which,that可以省略。

如:

He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.

他不喜歡她對他的母親那樣說話。

Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.

很難想象,他開車開得那麼快。