大學聯考英語語法知識總結動詞和動詞詞組

大學聯考英語語法知識總結（動詞和動詞詞組）如下：

考點一、考查動詞詞義辨析

這類試題的四個選項是在結構上都很相近的動詞。要做好這類試題，必須明確各個動詞的詞義和用法，然後根據題意需要選用合適的動詞。

例Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.

A. hired B. dismissed

C. refused D. employed

【解析】四個選項都是及物動詞，且都可以與worker構成動賓關係，但從題幹中的the drop in ?economy可知，只有B項符合題意。

考點二、考查近義動詞辨析

這類試題的四個選項無論在意義上還是在結構上都是很相近的動詞。面對這類試題，必須要從四個動詞的語義差別、用法特點等入手才能選出符合題意的動詞。

例When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。

A. injured B damaged

C. harmed D. destroyed

【解析】 這四個動詞都有“傷害，損害”之意，但具體用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受傷”;damage主要指對於物體的不徹底的破壞，這種破壞或因自然災害所致，或因人爲造成，常含可以修復之意;harm用於肉體或精神上的傷害，有時可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毀壞十分徹底，常含無法修復再用之意。從題意來看，答案爲A。

考點三、考查動詞與其賓語的固定搭配

英語中有許多動詞與其賓語有固定的搭配和習慣用法。碰到這類試題時，解答的關鍵是弄清題意，然後根據題意選擇符合固定搭配或習慣用法的動詞。

例 With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.

A. bought B. come

wn D. appeared

【解析】 題意爲“由於有現代化的設備，近年來許多謎團被揭開”。“揭露，將……曝光”是come to light，故答案爲B。

考點四、考查同根動詞短語的辨析

這類試題的四個選項都是由同一個動詞加不同的介詞或副詞構成。從歷年大學聯考試題來看，那些搭配能力強、語義豐富的常用動詞短語是命題的重點對象。解答這類試題時，一定要在理解語境的基礎上，從語義邏輯、固定搭配、前後關係等角度去確定答案。

例How I wish that I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.

A. set out B. set off

C. set in D. set up

【解析】分析題意爲“我多麼希望在網上聊天時能用簡單而又漂亮的英語表達我的思想啊”。由題意可知，空缺處應該是“表達;解釋”之意，而四個選項中只有set out有此意，故答案爲A。

考點五、考查同根介詞或副詞的動詞短語的辨析

這類試題的四個選項是由不同的動詞加相同的介詞或副詞構成。解答這類試題的關鍵首先還是弄清題意，然後選出符合題意和句子結構需要的動詞短語。

例When I was twenty, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.

A. drop out B. come out

C. leave out D. stay out

【解析】分析題意爲“在20歲時，我不得不輟學到一家服裝店工作以幫助養活我的家人。”從題意可知，空缺處應該是“輟學”之意，四個選項中，只有A項的drop out有此意，故答案爲A。

例Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

A. contribute to B. relate to

C. attend to D. devote to

【解析】分析題意爲“節日期間要當心!喝酒太多會導致心臟病和引起高血壓。”由題意可知，空缺處應該是“導致”之意，四個選項中，只有A項contribute to有此意，故答案爲A。

考點六、考查不同動詞構成的動詞短語的辨析

這類試題的四個選項是由四個不同的動詞構成的動詞短語。解答這類試題的關鍵是根據題幹意思，選出符合題意的動詞短語。

例The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.(2009合肥質檢)

A. give out B. take in

C. show off D. carry on

【解析】分析題意爲“當今社會給年輕一代提供了更多的機會來展示他們的才能和技能。”由題意可知，空缺處應該是“炫耀;展示”之意，故答案爲C。

【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案

1.(2008—2009學年度高二第一學期期末六校聯考，英語，30)—How lovely these children are!

—______ memories of my childhood.

A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on

【解析】call out“出動, 向…叫喊”， call for “需要，要求”， call up“召集, 使想起, 提出, 打電話給”， call on“號召, 呼籲, 約請, 訪問”。此句意思是“他們引起了我對童年的回憶。”因此選C。

【答案】C

2. (2008—2009學年度高二第一學期期末六校聯考，英語，33)Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.

A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in; which

C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which

【解析】be addicted to 意思是“對…上癮”，符合題意。And 是一個並列連詞，後面應該是並列句，而不是從句，因此排除B和D。be related to“與…有關”，不符合題意，因此排除。

【答案】A

3.(山東省莒南一中2008—2009學年度高三第一學期學業水平階段性測評，英語，21)

After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor

in the countryside.

out over up up

【解析】set out“出發, 開始” take over“接收, 接管”take up“從事” set up“設立”根據題意，應選C。

【答案】C

4. (江蘇省揚州中學2008-2009學年度高一第二學期3月月考，英語，34)Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.

A. give away B. affect with C. suffer from D. deal with

【解析】give away“分發, 放棄, 泄露”， affect“影響”及物動詞， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“處理”。從“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”這句話可以推斷出前半句的意思應該是“儘管我們遭受着嚴重的自然災害”，因此應選C。

【答案】C

5. (重慶市十二校2OO9年高三第一次質量調研抽測試卷,英語，32) The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers.

sed ged ed ht

【解析】be accused of “被控告” accused與of 搭配，符合題意。 be charged with“被控告”charge 和with 搭配。 blame “責備”。

【答案】A

6.(河南省實驗中學08-09學年下期高三第二次月考，24) Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldn’t an answer at once.

A. come up with B. look for C. put up with D. answer for

【解析】come up with“得出答案” look for“尋找” put up with“提出” answer for“負責”根據題意，應該選A.

【答案】A

7.(吉林市普通中學2008—2009學年度高中畢業班下學期期中複習檢測，英語，18)

My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she can’t make up her mind about her future.

A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. build up

【解析】句意：我的女兒在大學裏不知道學什麼，對自己的未來他心裏還沒有底。take

up開始學;開始從事。make up組成，構成;編造;pick up拾起;學到;獲得;build up逐步建立;增強。

【答案】A

8.(杭州二中2008學年高三年級第五次月考，英語，6)His colleagues ______ him though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.

A. thought highly of B. looked up to

C. sing high praise of D. show great respect for

【解析】think highly of 固定搭配，譯爲“對…評價高”符合題意。Show great respect 後應用介詞to, C 說法錯誤，look up to 向上看，不合題意。

【答案】A

9.(大慶市高三年級第一次教學質量檢測試題，英語。33)Hard work and lack of sleep have

her beauty and youth in recent years.

A. worn out d out C made out out

【解析】worn out耗盡，筋疲力盡; tried out試驗, 考驗, 提煉;make out書寫, 填寫, 拼湊, 進展, 說明, 設法應付, 理解, 辨認出; sent out發出。

【答案】A

10.(廈門市2009年高中畢業班質量檢查，英語，23)It’s obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess.

ed C proved ined

【解析】show sb sth 出示某物給某人看;keep保持;prove證明是;符合題意，remain仍然。

【答案】C

11. Before the war broke out, many people ______in safe places possessions they could not take with them.

A. throw away away away ied away

【解析】 句意：戰爭爆發前，好多人把一些不能帶走的東西存放在安全的地方。put away存儲，存放;throw away扔掉;give away 泄露，贈送;carry away拿走。

【答案】B

12. The company is atarting a new advertising campaign to ______new custumers to its stores.

B. attract k sfer

【解析】 句意：爲了把新的顧客吸引到店內，公司開始了一場新的廣告戰。Attract吸引;transfer 轉讓，轉移。

【答案】B

13. Modern plastics can ______very high and very low temperatures.

A. stand ing ing ing for

【解析】 句意：新型的塑料袋能夠承受很高和很低的溫度。stand承受，經受，經得起。hold支撐,carry 運載 support 支撐，養活。

【答案】A

14. It was already past midnight and only three young men ______in the house.

ined C. delayed D. deserted

【解析】 句意：已過午夜，只有三個青年那字還在茶館裏。leave,離開，使保留;desert,拋棄，捨棄。A 項應用被動語態， C 和D不合句意。

【答案】B

this seaside resort，you can __________all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.(山東2007)

y

y

ive

eve

【答案】A。

【解析】這幾個動詞均可以作及物動詞，但是意思、含義不一樣。enjoy表示“.享受…之樂，欣賞，喜愛”，apply表示“運用，應用，專心，致力”，receive表示“領受，接到，收到，得到(信、命令、請帖等)”，achieve表示“完成，做到;獲得(勝利等);達到(目的)，實現”。根據句意只能選A。句意：在這個海濱娛樂場，你可以享受所有現代旅遊的舒適與便利。

________the last bus and didn’t have any money for taxi，so we had to walk home.(全國2006 Ⅰ)

hed

ed

ht

【答案】C。

【解析】reach意爲“到，抵，到達(特定地點，目的地等)”，lose意爲“丟失，喪失”，miss意爲“沒趕上(車子等)、錯過”，catch意爲“趕(得上)(火車等);追着，捕捉;逮着”根據句意只能選C。

17(2007年福建卷，33)The news of the mayor’s comong to our school for a visit was ______on the radio yesterday.

A. turned out d out C. given out ied out

【答案】C

【解析】 句意：新要求來我校參觀的消息已於昨日通過廣播公佈了。A項意爲“結果是，製造生產” B項意爲“查清，弄明”C項是“分發，散發”D項爲“履行，實施”

18(2007年湖北卷，27)If we can ______our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.

A. cone across B. get over C. come over D. get off

【答案】B

【解析】 句意： 如果我們能克服目前的困難，一切都會很順利的。come across 偶遇;get over克服，越過;come over 過來，順便來訪;get off 下車，使動身。

19 (2007山東) It’s the sort of work that__________a high level of concentration.

A. calls for B. makes up

C. lies in D. stands for

【答案】A

【解析】call for“要求”;make up“彌補，編造，組成”;lie in“在於”;stand for“代表”。句意是“正是這種工作要求精力高度集中。”故正確答案爲選項A。

20. (2007浙江)We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only__________violence.

A. runs into B. comes from

C. leads to D. begins with

【答案】C

【解析】run into“撞上，陷入”;come from“來自於”;lead to“導致，引起”;begin with“以……開始”。句意是“我們堅信戰爭不會解決任何問題，它只會引起暴力。”故正確答案爲C。

21. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s nervousness when then speak English.

A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away

【解析】A 句意：這位老師有一種疏導學生在說英語時產生的緊張情緒的獨特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with over 複習; take off脫下，起飛;give away分發，贈給，泄露(祕密)。

22. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.

A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on

【解析】A 句意：有船隻嚴陣以待，預防緊急情況。stand by 爲不及物短語：to wait and be ready for action if needed 準備行動;待機;turn on 打開;get on進展;run down撞倒。根據句意，B 、C、D 三項均不符合。

23. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you ?

A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered

【解析】D句意：你僅出半價，店員怎麼會把這件夾克賣給你呢?offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出價六萬英鎊買這所房子。 Charge(收費)不符合題意。撫講價(offer)而後才能藥費(spend)或支付(pay)幫A、B兩項不合常理。

24. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.

A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on

【解析】C句意：在採取措施之前，他在腦這個問題反覆思考了一個星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔細考慮;switch on把開關打開;kick up引起;take on呈現、僱用、承擔。

25. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.

A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled

【解析】C trouble主要指遇上難解決的問題而使人苦惱、憂慮;puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此將A、D兩項排除;根據句意，自然的平衡本身並不是混亂的(confused),而不受到了人爲的干擾(disturbed),纔會導致不可預見的影響。因此選擇C項。

26. — So, how is your new roommate ?

— She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.

A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out

【解析】C turn :把……移交，把……交給;turn sb. down:拒絕; :使對(某人)感到厭煩、使不感興趣;turn :驅逐，趕走。根據句意“她總是在午夜弄出很大的響聲，我提醒她時，她還總是說些粗魯的話”，由此可知她是使我煩透了，選擇C項。

27. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.

A. hold downB. hold up C. hold back D. hold out

【解析】C hold down壓制，限制;hold up推遲，耽擱;hold back阻擋，抑制;hold out提供，提出。句意：人們種了大量的樹，爲了陰擋風和沙塵。由此可知答案爲C項。

28. — Would you like to go to Paris with us next year ?

— I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young.

A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains

【解析】C前三項意思相同，都可以表示“反對(做)、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet還可接賓語從句，這時它爲及物動詞，意思爲“提出異議”。前一句邀請對方一起去Paris，答話人說他很願意去，但是媽媽提出異議說他年齡太小。D項explain雖然也可執着that 從句，但是它的含義爲“解釋”不能明確地說明媽媽的態度是贊成還是反對。

29. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______.

A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through

【解析】C go out外出，熄滅;go off爆炸，中斷;go through通過，完成，經歷;go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒賣完了，酒吧也都關門了，所以你只好將就一下了。

30. The film “World without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema.

A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized

【解析】B易誤選C，win 指贏得了比賽、獎勵、勝利等，不可以與a great success 連用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本題中的enjoy a great success 意爲 win large sales。句意：《天下無賊》一舉成功，同時也給電影院帶來了巨大的盈利。