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高一英語知識點多篇

高一英語知識點多篇

高一英語知識點:直接引語和間接引語

1. 直接引語在改爲間接引語時,時態需要做相應的調整。

eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般過去時改成過去完成時)

He told me he had broken my CD player.

Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”

(現在完成時改成過去完成時)

Jenny said she had lost a book.

Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”

(一般將來時改成過去將來時)

Mum said she would go to see a friend.

過去完成時保留原有的時態

He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”

He said they hadn’t finished their homework.

注意 直接引語是客觀真理,過去進行時,時態不變。

2. 在直接引語變間接引語時,如果從句中的主語時第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如:

Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”

Mary said her brother was and engineer.

3. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應改爲由whether或if引導的賓語從句。如:

He said, “Can you run, Mike?”

He asked Mike whether/if he could run.

4. 直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應改爲“tell(ask, order, beg等) * (not) to do sth.”句型。如:

“Pass me the water, please.”said he.

He asked him to pass her the water.

5. 直接引語如果是以“Let’s”開頭的祈使句,變爲間接引語時,通常用“suggest+動名詞或從句”的結構。如:

She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”

She suggested going to the cinema.

或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.

現在進行時表將來的動作

現在進行時表將來的動作,謂語通常爲瞬間動詞。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動詞的進行時後不能再接具體的時間

(1)用現在進行時表示將來,指的是近期的,按計劃或安排要發生的動作。

(2)現在進行時表示將來與表示正在進行的動作的區別在於:前者通常用瞬間動詞(有時一些常用動詞也可以這樣用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而後者通常是持續性動詞。

He is reading a novel.

他在看小說。

The train is arriving soon.

火車就要進站了。

(3)用現在進行時表示將來的時間,在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來時間的狀語。

(4)現在進行時與一般現在時表示將來動作的區別在於:前者表示的將來的動作往往是可以改變的,而後者則是根據規定或時間表預計要發生的動作或事情,因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。

What are you doing next Friday?

下星期五你們打算幹什麼?

The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.

飛機今晚七點半起飛。

高一英語知識點:助動詞

一.概念:

助動詞是幫助主要動詞構成各種時態,語態,語氣以及否定或疑問結構的動詞.助動詞分爲時態助動詞和結構助動詞兩種.

二.相關知識點精講:

1. 助動詞be的用法

1) be +現在分詞,構成進行時態。例如:

They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。

English is becoming more and more important. 英語現在越來越重要。

2) be + 過去分詞,構成被動語態。例如:

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英語。

3) be + 動詞不定式,可表示下列內容:

a. 表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。例如:

He is to go to New York next week.. 他下週要去紐約。

We are to teach the freshmen. 我們要教新生。

說明: 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態表達法。

b. 表示命令。例如:

You are to explain this. 對此你要做出解釋。

He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午來辦公室。

c. 徵求意見。例如:

How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答覆他?

Who is to go there? 誰該去那兒呢?

d. 表示相約、商定。例如:

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。

2. 助動詞have的用法

1)have +過去分詞,構成完成時態。例如:

He has left for London. 他已去了倫敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未爲止,他們已經完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +現在分詞,構成完成進行時。例如:

I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學英語,已達十年之久。

3)have +been +過去分詞,構成完成式被動語態。例如:

English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經多年。

3.助動詞do 的用法

1)構成一般疑問句。例如:

Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通過大學英語測試嗎?

Did you study German? 你們學過德語嗎?

2)do + not 構成否定句。例如:

I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評。

He doesn't like to study. 他不想學習。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.

過去,好多學生不知道英語的重要性。

3) 構成否定祈使句。例如:

Don't go there. 不要去那裏。

Don't be so absent-minded. 不要這麼心不在焉。

說明: 構成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

4)放在動詞原形前,加強該動詞的語氣。例如:

Do come to my birthday party. 一定來參加我的生日宴會。

I did go there. 我確實去那兒了。

I do miss you. 我確實想你。

5)用於倒裝句。例如:

Never did I hear of such a thing. 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進了大學以後,我們才認識到英語的重要性。

說明: 引導此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6)用作代動詞。例如:

---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜歡北京嗎?

---- Yes, I do. --是的,喜歡。(do用作代動詞,代替like Beijing.)

He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車,對吧?

4. 助動詞shall和will的用法

shall和will作爲助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時。例如:

I shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學習英語。

He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。

說明:在過去的語法中,語法學家說shall用於第一人稱,will 只用於第二、第三人稱。現在,尤其是在口語中,will常用於第一人稱,但shall只用於第一人稱,如用於第二、第三人稱,就失去助動詞的意義,已變爲情態動詞,試比較:

He shall come. 他必須來。(shall有命令的意味。)

He will come. 他要來。(will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。)

5.助動詞should, would的用法

1)should無詞義,只是shall的過去形式,與動詞原形構成過去將來時,只用於第一人稱。例如:

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話,問他我下週幹什麼。

比較:“What shall I do next week?” I asked. “我下週幹什麼?”我問道。

可以說,shall變成間接引語時,變成了should。

2) would也無詞義,是will的過去形式,與動詞原形構成過去將來時,用於第二、第三人稱。例如:

He said he would come. 他說他要來。

比較:“I will go,” he said. 他說:“我要去那兒。”變成間接引語,就成了He said he would come。原來的will變成would,go變成了come.。

6. 短語動詞

動詞加小品構成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如:

Turn off the radio. 把收音機關上。(turn off是短語動詞)

短語動詞的構成基本有下列幾種:

1)動詞+副詞,如:black out;

2)動詞+介詞,如:look into;

3)動詞+副詞+介詞,如:look forward to。構成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統稱爲小品詞

高一英語知識點:動詞的語氣

一.概念

語氣有三種:陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.語氣表示說話人對勸詞所示示的動作或所處的狀態持有的態度或看法.

二.相關知識點精講

1.辨別if 引導真實條件句和if引導的虛擬條件句的區別

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.

If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.

2.虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動詞構成形式如下表

3.混合時間的虛擬語氣

如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發生,主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應分別根據各自所表示的時間加以調整。

1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.

2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.

3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.

ld/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過去本應該/可以做而實際上卻沒做”

needn’t have done 表示“過去沒必要作而實際上做了”

5.虛擬語氣中的倒裝句

如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, could, should,有時可將if省去,而將條件從句的主語置於were, had, should, could 之後。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.

Were I you, I would do more practice after class.

Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.

後面的賓語從句的謂語動詞應使用虛擬語氣, 表示“可惜…;….就好了; 悔不該…; 但願…。”

1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.

2)I wish I were ten years younger.

3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.

4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.

5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.

7.表示命令或建議動詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 後的賓語從句中應使用虛擬 should +動詞原形; should 不可用would 來替代; 主句所使用的動詞時態不限。

est 爲“建議去做…; 命令…”從句用should + do

爲“ 說明; 暗示”, 從句用過去時或過去完成時。

1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.

2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.

st “堅持要去做…,堅持應該去做”,從句用should + do爲“堅持表明,堅持說/解釋”, 從句用過去時或過去完成時。

10.虛擬語氣也用於表語從句和主語從句中,表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等,主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型,should 可以省略。

11.在主語從句中,當從句用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等,從句的謂語動詞用需擬語氣形式。其謂語動詞時should + 動詞原型, 或should 省略。

高一英語知識點:動詞的語態

一.概念:

動詞的語態是動詞的一種形式,表示主語和謂語之間語法或語義的關係.英語的語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態.主動語態用於主動句,表示主語是動作的執行者.被動語態用於被動句,表示主語是動作的承受者.主動語態的構成方式與動詞時態相同,而被動語態由 助動詞be+過去分詞 構成,有人稱,數,時態的變化.

相關知識點精講

1. let 的用法

1)當let後只有一個單音節動詞,變被動語態時,可用不帶to 的不定式。例如:

They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。

--->The strange was let go.

2)當let 後賓補較長時,let 通常不用被動語態,而用allow或permit 代替。例如:

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那護士讓我去探望住院的同學。

---->I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

2.短語動詞的被動語態

短語動詞是一個整體,不可丟掉後面的介詞或副詞。例如:

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。

Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。

3. 表示“據說”或“相信” 的詞組,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如:

It is said that… 據說

It is reported that… 據報道

It is believed that… 大家相信

It is hoped that… 大家希望

It is well known that… 衆所周知

It is thought that… 大家認爲

It is suggested that… 據建議

It is taken granted that… 被視爲當然

It has been decided that… 大家決定

It must be remember that… 務必記住的是

4. 不用被動語態的情況

1) 不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語,如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 結束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等沒有無被動語態。例如:

After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火過後,我家燒得所剩無幾。

比較:rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞;raise, seat是及物動詞。

要想正確地使用被動語態,就須注意哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。

2) 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如:

This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。

Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說的一致。

3) 系動詞無被動語態,如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如:It sounds good. 聽上去不錯。

4) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death, dream/dream, live/life等,以及反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用於被動語態。例如:

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個惡夢。

5) 當賓語是不定式時,很少用於被動語態。例如:

(對) She likes to swim.

(錯) To swim is liked by her.

5. 主動形式表示被動意義

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如:

The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。

This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如:

I was to blame for the accident. 事故發生了,我該受指責。

Much work remains. 還有許多活要幹。

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve後的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如:

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。

This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。

4)特殊結構:make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)等。例如:

Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些,讓別人理解你的話。

6. 被動形式表示主動意義,如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如:

He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業於一所有名的大學。

注意:表示同某人結婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如:

He married a rich girl. 他與一個富妞結婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.

當 need, want, require, be worth後面接doing時,表示的是被動意義。例如:

Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭髮該理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要衝洗。

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