高中英語基礎知識及考點突破

高中英語基礎知識及考點突破(一)

1. hono(u)r vt.

(1)尊敬

e. g. Children should honour their father and mother. 孩子應該尊敬父母。

(2)對……表示敬意

e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鮮花擺放在那裏爲了紀念他

(3)使感到榮幸

e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我們在一起這是我們的榮幸。

I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 被邀請在此講話是我的榮幸。

honour n.

(1)榮譽，光榮(不可數名詞)

e. g. They fight for the honour of their country. 他們爲祖國的榮譽而戰。

(2)(高尚)人格，信譽(不可數名詞)

A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way.

一個高尚的人行爲處事不會這麼懦弱。

(3)尊敬，敬重(不可數)

e. g. One must show honour to one’s parents. 一個人必須尊敬父母。

(4)使感到光榮的人或事，榮幸(可數，多作單數)

e. g. It’s an honour to meet you. 見到你十分榮幸。

比較：in honour of 爲了(紀念或表示敬意而舉行某活動)

e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday. 這只是紀念她生日的一個舞會。

A memorial meeting was held in his honour. 爲了紀念他而舉行紀念會。

have the honour (of)有幸……, 榮幸地

e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner?我能有幸與您共進晚餐嗎?

2. determine vt.

(1)決定

e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine.

他還沒決定好未來，但他可能學醫。

Can we now determine the date for our party? 我們現在能決定派對的日期嗎?

(2)決心，決意，決定(作某事)，(用過去分詞)決心，下定決心

determine+不定式to do

e. g. She determined to go that very afternoon. 她決心就在那個下午走。

determine+從句

He had been determined that no one should know.他決意不讓任何人知道。

determined 過去分詞作定語或表語，果斷，堅定，堅決

e. voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing.

他的聲音很堅決，他的眼睛閃閃發亮。

determination n.

(1)決心(不可數)

e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他決心呆一週。

(2)決定(不可數，間或加不定冠詞)

e. g. The boy came to a determination to run away from school. 男孩決定逃學。

self-determination n. 自主，自我決定

3. purpose n. 目的，意圖，目標

e. g. What is your purpose in doing this? 你做這件事的目的是什麼?

比較：for…purpose爲了……目的on purpose 有意地，故意地，特意

e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you.

如果我今後去那兒的話，就是爲了見你。

I’ve come on purpose to speak to you. 我來是特意要與你談談。

She did it on purpose. 她是故意那樣做。

4. reminder n. 提醒的人(物)，暗示

e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.請下午提醒我給他打電話。

remind v. 使……想起，提醒

(1)+ of短語 e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had.

你剛剛講的故事使我想起了我曾經有過的經歷。

(2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please remind me to write that letter. 請提醒我寫信。

(3)+從句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.

看見時鐘使我想起我遲到了。

are v.

(1)compare … with…比較，指同類事物的具體比較

e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities.

比較這兩種語言，可以發現它們有同有異。

Parents like to compare their own children with other children.

父母們總喜歡把自己的孩子與別的孩子進行比較。

(2) compare … to … 比作， 指非同類事物的抽象比較

e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亞把人世比作舞臺。

People often compare girls to flowers. 人們經常把女孩子比作花朵。

(3) compared to/ with…與……比起來，常在句中作狀語，可位於句首或句尾，to和with可通用。

It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now.

和現在比起來，那時它還是個小地方。

6. 表示穿着的動詞

(1)put on 表示穿上的動作

e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。

(2) wear表示穿着狀態，意義最廣，可用於衣服、鞋、帽、襪、手套、眼鏡、手錶、徽章、首飾，還可表示頭髮、鬍鬚的式樣，帶有某種表情或樣子。

e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一個帶着厚厚的眼鏡的矮小的人。

(3) dress既可表示動作也可表示狀態，作及物動詞時，後面賓語是人，即dress sb. / oneself (in sth. )或be dressed in sth.

e. g. She dressed the baby in red. 她給孩子穿上了紅色的衣服。

(4) have on表示穿着狀態，無進行時。

e. g. She had a red dress on. 她穿了一件紅裙子。

(5)be in sth. 表示狀態

e. g. He’s in plain clothes. 他身着便裝。

What colour is your child in? 你的孩子穿着什麼顏色的衣服?

7. light的用法

(1)adj. 明亮的(=bright)，淺色的(=pale)

e. g. His room is light and airy. 他的房間又亮又通風。

It gets light at about six o’clock. 六點左右天亮。

She has a light green dress. 她有一條淡綠色的裙子。

(2)n.①光線，亮光(不可數)，但如表示一種光線時，尤其是被形容詞修飾時，前可加不定冠詞。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.試管裏發出微弱的藍光。

②燈，燈光，發光物，引火物(可數)

e. g. There were no lights on in any office room. 沒有一個辦公室裏有燈光。

(3) v. (light, lit, lit)和(light, lighted, lighted)

①點燃(生爐子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles. 天黑時我們點上了蠟燭。

②照亮e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity. 街道被燈光照亮。

③(使)變得亮起來，開朗起來

e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.當她看清是誰時，她的臉亮了起來。

Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑使她的臉亮了起來。

(4)light up動詞短語

①照亮，點亮e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃燒的建築物照亮了整條街道。

②(使)容光煥發，春風滿面 (指人的面部表情)

e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.當她聽到好消息時，臉上露出喜色。

注意：light的過去分詞有兩種: lighted, lit當作定語修飾名詞時，用lighted。

e. g. a lighted candle 一支點着的蠟燭。

8 on用法及common, usual, ordinary, general區別

(1)common

①共同的，共有的e. g. English is their common language. 英語是他們的共同語言。

②普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commoner than that. 沒有比此更普通的。

③常見的，到處可見的e. g. Is this word in common use? 這個字常用嗎?

④ in common (with sb. )共同的e. g. We have many things in common. 我們有許多共同之處。

(2) common, general, ordinary, usual區別

common側重“普通”，表示“時時發生，人所共有”，並含有“並不高貴，地位低下”之意，指符合或具有全體共有的特徵，其反義詞爲rare。

e. g. a common saying 俗語 a common wish 一個共同的願望

common sense 常識common knowledge 普通知識

This is a grammatical mistake common among beginners in English.

這是個初學英語的人易犯的錯誤。

general 側重“普遍”，表示在大多數人或事物中流行並受到關注，不含有“地位低下”之意，其反義詞爲specific。e. g. general readers 一般讀者a general idea 一個普通的觀點

ordinary與common基本同義，側重“外表平凡的，普通的”，表示“隨時可以碰到，不值得驚奇”，其反義詞爲superior。

e. g. an ordinary event一件極平常的事an ordinary person一個普通的人

My teacher is an ordinary-looking man.我的老師是個相貌平常的人。

usual用來指事物，強調習慣性，一貫如此，意爲“通常的，慣常的”, 含有“隨集體風俗或個人習慣而常常發生”之意，其反義詞爲unusual。

e. g. as usual和往常一樣 It’s a usual thing with him. 這對他來說是平常事。

9. believe與believe in

believe相信 = think …true, 後接表示人或事物的名詞或代詞，也可接what/ that從句

e. g. I believe you. = I believe what you said. 我相信你說的話。

I could hardly believe my ears/eyes.我簡直不敢相信我所聽到的/看到的。

高中英語基礎知識及考點突破(二)

1. give短語總結

(1)give away

①分發，送給人e. g. He gave away all his pictures. 他把所有的畫都送人了。

②泄漏(機密)，暴露(自己的情況) Please don’t give my secret away. 請不要泄漏我的祕密。

(2)give back

①還給e. g. I must call at the library to give back this book. 我必須去圖書館還書。

②恢復(健康等)e. g. Living here has given me back my health. 住在這裏我的健康恢復了。

(3)give in

①交上來e. g. Give in your exercise books. 請交上練習本。

② give in (to sb. )讓步，妥協，投降，認輸，向……讓步

e. g. The enemy is surrounded and must soon give in. 敵人被包圍了必須馬上投降。

He is always giving in to other people. 他總是向別人讓步。

(4) give off 散發出e. g. The flowers give off a sweet fragrance. 花散發出甜美的香氣。

(5)give out

①散發，頒發e. g. The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老師分發試卷。

②宣佈e. g. He gave out that he was going to England. 他宣佈他將去英國。

③被用完，耗盡，沒有了

e. g. You can’t have a hot bath—the water will give out.你不能洗熱水澡，水快沒了。

④(機器等)失靈，(人)體力不支. The chair gave out under the fat man. 人太胖了，椅子垮了。

⑤發出e. g. The radio is giving out a strange signal. 無線電發出奇怪的信號。

(6)give up放棄，不再做(某事)He has given up playing football. 他不再踢球了。

2 as well as

(1)意爲“除……外”“同”“和”“並”“也”，後接動詞時用動名詞。

e. g. He gave me money as well as advice. 他不但給我建議還給我錢。

Alice has an English-Chinese dictionary as well as a Chinese-English dictionary.

愛麗絲不但有一本漢英詞典還有一本英漢詞典。

The little girl is clever as well as beautiful. 這個女孩不但漂亮，而且聰明。

(2) A as well as B部分作主語時，謂語動詞的單複數與A一致

e. g. The teacher as well as his students was praised.不僅學生而且老師也受到了表揚。

高中英語基礎知識及考點突破(三)

1)與as well as 用法相同的還有 (along/ together) with, including, but/except/ besides, in addition to, rather than, like/ such as …

e. g. It is you rather than I who are to speak at the meeting.是你而不是我將在會上講話。

Besides him, three more men have been invited.除了他，還有三個人被邀請了。

2)有一些短語作主語時，謂語動詞的單複數由與它靠近的詞來決定，這些短語有：or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, There be…

e. g. He or I am to go to the meeting. 他或者我去開會。

Either you or she is wrong. 不是你就是她錯了。

(3) as well as 相當於 not only… but also…, 但表示“不但……而且”時，A as well as B側重A, 而not only A but also B側重B

e. g. You as well as I are wrong. = Not only I but also you are wrong.

(4) as well as後接從句，是副詞的同級比較。

e. g. She sings as well as she plays. 她彈得好，唱得也好。

He shoots as well as he rides. 他馬騎得好，槍打得也好。

(5) as well用在句末時，與also/too相近，as well與too常用於句末。

e. g. She is not only good at maths, she is good as English as well.她不但數學好，英語也好。

Mary’s sister teaches English, too. 瑪麗的姐姐也教英語。

too除了放在句末外，也可接在主語之後，這時比較正式。

e. g. I, too, know how to work out the maths problem.我也知道怎樣解這道數學題。

also不如too/ as well用得多，不用於句末，通常與動詞連用。

e. g. I’ve also read some of Shakespeare’s plays.我也讀過一些莎士比亞的劇本。

also, as well, too一般不用於否定句，否定句中可用not…either, neither…nor…

I like the novel as well. 我也喜歡這部小說I don’t like the novel either.我也不喜歡這部小說。

She is here, too. 她也在這裏。 She isn’t here, either. 她也不在這裏。

3. care about

(1) 關心

e. g. He used to care only about his own family, but has greatly changed now.

他曾經只關心他自己家，但是現在變了很多。

(2)喜歡，對……有興趣e. g. He cares about music. 他對音樂感興趣。

比較：care for

(1) 照顧，照料The mother cared for the sick child night and day.

媽媽日日夜夜照料生病的孩子。

(2)喜歡，對……有興趣e. g. They do not care very greatly for art. 他們對藝術不是很感興趣。

care v. 在乎，在意(多用於否定結構)

(1) +從句e. g. I’ll go. I don’t care what happens. 我要走，我不在乎發生什麼了。

(2)後不接內容I don’t care, so long as she let me be with her.我不在乎，只要她讓我和她在一起。

(1)注意，當心(不可數)

take care+從句e. g. Take care (that) you don’t break it. 小心別打碎它。

take care of sth. e. g. Take care of what you are doing. 注意你在幹什麼。

with care 作狀語，仔細地，認真地，當心 e. g. Cross the road with care. 過馬路時要當心。

(2)照顧，照管(不可數)

under (one’s/ the) care e. g. I must leave him under your care. 我必須讓你來照顧他。

in one’s care e. g. Mary was left in her sister’s care. 瑪麗被留下來由姐姐照顧。

to one’s care e. g. I’ll leave this to your care. 我將把這個留給你來照顧。

take care of e. g. It was I who was taking care of him. 是我在照顧他。

(3)憂煩，煩惱(不可數) e. g. Care had made him look ten years older. 煩惱使他看起來老十歲。

(4)煩人的事(可數) e. g. He seemed to be a little man without a care.他似乎是一個沒有煩事的小人物。

高中英語基礎知識及考點突破(四)

1. The Spring Festival, …and festivals help us understand who we are, remember where we come from, and share our hopes for a happy future.

春節，……和節日幫助我們瞭解我們是誰，記住我們從哪裏來，並共同分享對美好未來的期望。

share v.

(1)共同具有，合用e. g. Three doctors share the office. 三個醫生共用這個辦公室。

(2)分享，分擔e. g. They would share the joys and sorrows. 他們將同甘苦，共患難。

(3)share in分享，分擔，共同努力

e. g. We all shared in his happiness when he won the scholarship.

當她獲得獎學金時，我們都替他高興。

(4) share with與……合用

e. g. Would you mind sharing a bedroom with another guest?

你介意和另一位客人共用一個房間嗎?

比較： spare

(1)留出(時間作某事)，擠出(時間)

e. g. Can you spare the time to help me? 你能擠出時間幫助我嗎?

(2)不用，勻出(給別人用)

e. g. Father couldn’t spare the car, so John had to walk.爸爸要用車，因此約翰只得步行。

(3)放過，饒(命)，不殺

e. g. The king spared the lives of the women and children.國王放過了婦女和兒童。

save v.

(1)挽救，拯救e. g. They fought bravely and saved the country. 他們勇敢戰鬥拯救祖國。

(2)節省，省去，省着用，保護

e. g. If we buy plenty of food now, it will save shopping again this week.

如果我們現在買了足夠的食物，這周就省了再上街購物了。

Save your eyes by reading in good light.在光線足的地方讀書可保護你的眼睛。

(3)節約，存錢，省錢，儲蓄

e. g. He’s saving to buy a bicycle. 他省錢來買自行車。

(4)留下，保留，保住，留作他用

Save your strength for the hardwork, you’ll have to do later.

留着點兒勁，你一會兒還得幹活兒呢。

(5)save …for…留供……用

e. g. He is saving himself / his strength for the heavy work.他節省力量來乾重活。

2. There seems to be no other choice. 似乎別無選擇。

seem v.

(1)似乎，好像

① +不定式：

seem to do表示一般狀況。

e. g. I don’t seem to lack anything. 我好像不缺什麼。

seem to have done表示該動作是在謂語動詞發生之前就已經完成。

I seem to have caught a cold. 我好像感冒了。

He seemed not to have grasped what she really meant.他好像沒有把握她的意思。

seem to be doing表示在過去的某段時間裏正在進行的動作，強調該動作在過去持續了一段時間。e. g. She seemed to be sleeping. 她好像在睡覺。

seem (to be)+表語(adj. 或n. 或prep. )

e. g. You seem to be in a great hurry. 你似乎很着急。

② It seems(ed) (that)從句可以和“主語+seems/seemed+動詞不定式”互相轉換，意思不變。注意句型轉換：

e. g. It seemed that he had failed the exam.= He seemed to have failed in the exam.

他似乎沒通過考試。

It seems that nobody knew what had happened. 看來沒人知道發生了什麼事。

It seems(ed) as if從句

e. g. It seems as if there will be an election soon. 好像很快就要選舉了。

③ There seems(ed) (to be)好像有，似乎有

e. g. There seems to be something/the matter with her. 她好像有什麼事。

(2)看來，似乎是(什麼樣子) link v. (系動詞)

① +形容詞e. g. He seemed to me quite normal. 對於我來說，他很正常。

② +分詞e. g. She always seemed well pleased. 她好像總是很高興。

③ +名詞e. g. It seems not a bad idea. 那個主意好像不錯。

④ +介詞短語 e. g. You seem in high spirits. 你好像情緒很高漲。

3. …or, in other words, the first day of spring. 或者，換句話說，春天的第一天。

(1)in other words換句話說

e. g. In other words, we can complete the project on time only in this way.

換句話說，只有這樣我們才能按時完成工程。

In other words, if you break the rule, you will be punished.

換言之，如果你違反了規則，你將受到懲罰。

(2)in a word 總之，簡言之

e. g. In a word, I don’t trust him. 總之，我不信任他。

(3)in words 用言語

e. g. Though the boy is only two, he can express his meaning clearly in words.

儘管這男孩只有兩歲，他能清楚地用語言來表達他的意思。

4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. 這不是悲傷的一天，而是慶祝生命輪迴的時刻。

rather 副詞

(1)“相當，頗，甚”

e. g. We all were rather tired after our long walk. 走了那麼遠，我們都相當累了。

I rather expected that we would win. 我很希望我們能贏。

(2)比較 fairly, rather, quite, pretty

①表示程度

fairly與rather表示“相當地”時，fairly含有積極肯定的意思，rather含有消極否定的意思。

e. g. The question is fairly difficult. 這個問題很難——但適當。

The question is rather difficult. 這個問題很難——有點過難，不適當。

fairly是程度最輕的，例如：某人的英語說得fairly well, 言外之意是他只能應付一些日常用語。說某本書fairly good，是說這本書還可以看一看，但沒有讚揚之意。

e. g. He’s just written a new book. It’s fairly interesting, but certainly not his best.

他剛出了一本新書，這本書還算有意思，但肯定不是他的最佳作品。

He studies fairly hard. 他學習還算用功。

quite比fairly程度強一點，如果你認爲某本書quite good, 就是在推薦給別人看，雖算不上最佳小說，但還是值得一看。

e. g. They study English quite hard. 他們學習英語還保留用功。

He was quite polite, but he wasn’t ready to help me.他相當有禮貌，但他並不願意幫助我。

rather程度上比quite又強，相當於more than expected/more than you want。如說某人的外語rather well, 那此人肯定是個內行，就電影而言，rather good是說勝過多數影片。

e. g. She speaks English rather well. 她的英語講得真不錯。

pretty表示程度時，和rather差不多，多用於非正式文體。

e. g. Twenty-five is pretty old to take up ballet dancing.二十五歲才學芭蕾舞年齡太大了。

The situation seems pretty hopeless. 情形似乎沒有太大希望了。

②用法

rather和quite可置於不定冠詞前或後

e. g. That is quite / rather a surprising result. 那是一個相當驚人的結果。= That is a rather / quite surprising result.

rather可與比較級和too +形容詞/副詞連用，quite只能與better連用。

e. g. This book is rather too difficult for the juniors.這本書對低年級的學生來說太難了。

Today I feel quite better. 今天我感到好多了。

This room is rather larger than we want.這個房間比我們需要的大了不少。

quite同沒有程度差別的形容詞連用時，一般作“完全地”“絕對地”。

e. g. She was quite alone. 她非常孤單。It’ s quite impossible. 這絕不可能。

4. Whatever the trick is, if a person is taken in, he or she is called “April Fool”! 不管是什麼把戲，如果一個人上當了，他或她就被稱作“四月傻子”。

(1) whatever

①= no matter what 無論是什麼，不管什麼，在句中作狀語。

e. g. Whatever happens, we will not change our plan.無論發生什麼事，我們都不會改變計劃。

No matter what you want to do, above all, you should obey the law.

不管你想幹什麼，首先，你必須守法。

② = anything that任何事/東西，在句中起名詞作用，引導名詞性從句。

e. g. You can take whatever you like.= You can take anything that you like.

你可以拿走你喜歡的任何東西。

(2)take in

①欺騙，哄騙，使上當

e. g. We were completely taken in by his story. 我們完全被他的故事騙了。

②理解，領會，明白

e. g. The lesson was too difficult for the class to take in.課太難了，學生難以領會。

③接受(房客，客人等)，讓……在家居住(食宿)，收留

e. g. The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.農夫讓迷路的旅行者在家過夜。

④包括，涉及e. g. The study of physics takes in many different subjects.物理學涉及許多學科。

(3)take up

①開始學習，開始做(某項工作)

e. g. What is your son taking up in college? 你兒子在大學學習什麼?

②從事某項活動，發展某種愛好

e. g. At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.六十歲時他開始學俄語。

③佔用，佔掉(時間，空間)e. g. The meeting took up the whole morning. 會議佔了整個上午。

④接受e. g. Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? 你想接受他提供的工作嗎?

⑤吸起(墨水，灰塵等)e. g. Plants take up water. 植物吸水。

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