英語論文寫作注意事項

摘要：

本文提出了幾種最常見的中式英語習慣，它們是從超過兩百份中國學生寫的英文論文中觀察得來的。文中解釋了這些習慣，並且在大部分情況下給出了從實際論文中出現的例子以及正確的用法。我們試圖去解釋如何去改正和避免這些錯誤。一些情況下，我們還解釋了爲什麼這些習慣會出現。本文可以成爲一個單獨的科技論文編寫指南，尤其是當很難尋找一個母語爲英語的編輯時。

大意

Section 1 a, an, the

冠詞後面將跟隨一個名詞，並且任何冠詞與名詞之間的修飾詞都用來修飾這個名詞(a big blue bicycle / the first award)。A和an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。單數形式的不可數名詞以及指代一個可數事務的普通名詞，它們每次都需要一些限定詞（determiner）。

它們的使用方法如下圖所示：

Incorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.15

Correct Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the main and splitter blades.15

分析上面的例子，surface是一個單數、可數、沒有限定詞的特定的單詞，因此要用the修飾。而blades是一個複數、可數、沒有特殊限定詞、並且特定的單詞，因此也要用the修飾。

very long sentence

太長的句子不利於讀者理解，應該儘量分爲多個句子。對於一些參數的陳列，儘量使用列表或者整齊的子句。

Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose,location or reason first在句子的前面陳述目的、位置、原因等，而不是陳述句子的主要含義。這樣減弱了句子的主旨，混淆了讀者的理解。

Incorrect For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing. 5

Correct This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.

Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a sentence傾向於把表示時間的短語放在句首。這樣是不自然的。

Incorrect When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for Δ =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8.

Correct Figure 8 shows the BDs for Δ =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.

Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis將最重要的主題放在句首以示重視。這樣的理解是錯誤的。

Incorrect Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section.4

Correct The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulationstructure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.

“which/ that”

‘Respectively’ and ‘respective’

1. Respectively is misplaced in the sentence; it is put before the nouns to which it refers. Incorrect Equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:……(equations given)…13 Correct Equations 2～6 can be linearized as:……(equations given)…, respectively.

Incorrect The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400.19

Correct The weights of the two experts are 0.600 and 0.400, respectively.

2. Respectively is inserted to express that there is a certain order in which something was done. However, the order is already implied elsewhere in the sentence or does not need

to be expressed because it does not add value to meaning of the sentence.

Incorrect If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are, respectively, below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if

either is, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2.

Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are, respectively, above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is, respectively,

below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.19

Correct If both the core technology score and core quality score of a bottleneck process are below certain scores, then we refer to strategy 1, otherwise, if either is

above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 2. Similarly, if the core technology and core quality are above a certain score, then we refer to strategy 3, otherwise, if either is below a certain score, then we refer to strategy 4.

Respectively通常出現在句子的結尾，當兩個或者更多的人或事被按照一定的順序提起或者指定時，使用Respectively。它包含了一種順序，這種順序可以是在前面提到的，也可以是被讀者領會到的。

例子：

For example: Bobby, Nicole and Daren wore red, green and blue coats, respectively.

List 1 List 2

Bobby wore a red coat.

Nicole wore a green coat.

Daren wore a blue coat.

‘In this paper’, ‘in this study’

study指作者做出的工作；paper指作者表達工作的論文。不可混淆。

這兩個短語最好只用在兩個地方：

1. 介紹或者總結全文時；

2. 在文中，當指出了其他作者的一些沒有完成的工作之後，使用這兩個短語來描述自己的工作。

Numbers and Equations

阿拉伯數字不應該出現在句子的開頭，而應該使用英文單詞。

Incorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.

Correct Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.

阿拉伯數字被濫用，它們應該在給出技術指標時使用，而不用來表示普遍的信息。

不要在句子中使用符號或者表達式，而應該以語言描述。（一般的論文要求所有的表達式都單獨寫出來，並使用特定的格式）

Incorrect If the power battery SOC > SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load,… Correct If the power battery SOC is greater than SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load,…

Format

Paragraphs

分段的錯誤有兩個：第一種是換行但是沒有縮進，所以讓讀者不知道這是否是新的一段。 第二種是一段的最前面是一個單行的句子，這個句子和這一段同時都縮進了。

（這句話的理解不太清晰，我懷疑我理解錯了。原文是：The second

error occurs when a paragraph is preceded by a single sentence on a single line. The

single line is indented along with the succeeding paragraph as in example #. This

commonly occurs in Chinese texts but is never done in English.）

‘Figure’ and ‘Table’

Figure和Table的正確縮寫分別是Fig.和Tbl.。縮寫不能出現在句首，並且Figure/Table和數字之間必須有一個空格。

Variables

變量必須使用斜體。

Capitals

大寫字母不能出現在句中，只能出現在句首。

‘such as’ and ‘etc.’

such as的含義和for example一樣；etc.的含義等於and so on。它們如果放在同一個句子裏則是冗餘的。

Such as意味着後面跟隨一個不完整的列表，如果後面列出了所有的元素，則不應使用such as。

Incorrect Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity, high precision and high automation.

Correct Compared to traditional industry, Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics: high complexity, high precision and high automation.

Section 2

1．下列單詞具有同樣的單數和複數形式：

literature (when referring to research)

equipment,

staff (referring to a group of people)

faculty